Serangan Jantung

Pagi ini saya masuk ke kelas 5A/B (waktu PJPK) mengganti Cik Elyani yang cuti sakit. Kebanyakan pelajar sedang membaca buku teks (berkaitan jantung). Saya minta satu kumpulan jelaskan tentang apakah punca serangan jantung. Oleh kerana jawapan mereka kurang memuaskan hati, saya pun cari maklumat berkenaan.

Apakah Serangan Jantung?
Serangan jantung berlaku apabila pengaliran darah beroksigen (melalui arteri arteri) ke sebahagian jantung terhalang. Jika pengaliran darah tidak dipulihkan, bahagian otot jantung yang berkenaan akan rosak akibat kekurangan oksigen dan mula mati.

Serangan jantung adalah pembunuh nombor satu di Malaysia. Hari ini terdapat rawatan yang boleh menyelamatkan nyawa dan mencegah ketidakupayaan akibat serangan jantung. Rawatan paling berkesan dalam tempoh 1 jam selepas simtom bermula. Jika anda fikir seseorang itu mengalamai serangan jantung, panggil 999 serta-merta.

Overview
Heart attacks occur most often as a result of a condition called coronary artery disease (CAD). In CAD, a fatty material called plaque (plak) builds up over many years on the inside walls of the coronary arteries (the arteries that supply blood and oxygen to your heart). Eventually, an area of plaque can rupture, causing a blood clot to form on the surface of the plaque. If the clot becomes large enough, it can mostly or completely block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the part of the heart muscle fed by the artery.


During a heart attack, if the blockage in the coronary artery isn’t treated quickly, the heart muscle will begin to die and be replaced by scar tissue. This heart damage may not be obvious, or it may cause severe or long-lasting problems.Severel problems linked to heart attack can include heart failure and life-threatening arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats). Heart failure is a condition in which the heart can’t pump enough blood throughout the body. Ventricular fibrillation is a serious arrhythmia that can cause death if not treated quickly.

Get Help Quickly
Acting fast at the first sign of heart attack symptoms can save your life and limit damage to your heart. Treatment is most effective when started within 1 hour of the beginning of symptoms.

The most common heart attack signs and symptoms are:

• Chest discomfort or pain—uncomfortable pressure, squeezing, fullness, or pain in the center of the chest that can be mild or strong. This discomfort or pain lasts more than a few minutes or goes away and comes back.
• Upper body discomfort in one or both arms, the back, neck, jaw, or stomach.
• Shortness of breath may occur with or before chest discomfort.
• Other signs include nausea (feeling sick to your stomach), vomiting, lightheadedness or fainting, or breaking out in a cold sweat. If you think you or someone you know may be having a heart attack: Call 999 within a few minutes—5 at the most—of the start of symptoms.

If your symptoms stop completely in less than 5 minutes, still call your doctor. Only take an ambulance to the hospital. Going in a private car can delay treatment. Take a nitroglycerin pill if your doctor has prescribed this type of medicine.

Each year, millions of people have heart attacks, and almost half of them die. CAD, which often results in a heart attack, is the leading killer in Malaysia. Many more people could recover from heart attacks if they got help faster. Of the people who die from heart attacks, about half die within an hour of the first symptoms and before they reach the hospital